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Curcumin is the main constituent of turmeric, the rhizome of Curcuma longa. In the United States and Europe, approximately 65% of patients use herbal medicines against liver disease, due to their wide availability, low toxicity, pharmacological activity and chemical diversity and low side effects compared to synthetic drugs. More than half of all pharmaceutical products have been discovered from natural compounds or their derivatives. Natural products provide a repertory for discovery of new leads that can be used in treating different types of diseases such as cancer, inflammation and liver diseases. These modifications result in altered gene expression and progressive liver damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) participates in the liver fibrogenic response and contributes to ischemia/regeneration, necrosis and apoptosis. Oxidative stress (indicating excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and an oxidant and antioxidant imbalance) can lead to cellular degradation of proteins, lipids and DNA. Д¬hronic liver diseases are often accompanied by increased oxidative stress, irrespective of the cause of the liver dysfunction. The Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the global leading cause of liver diseases with 40% frequently, followed by Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and harmful alcohol consumption, accounting for 30%, 15% and 11%, respectively. Diverse etiologies characterize the disease to constitute about the fourth to the fifth cause of deaths worldwide. Liver diseases affect more than 10% of the world population and its mortal end-stage generally follows cirrhosis and liver cancer. Further clinical studies are still needed in order to recognize the structure-activity relationships and molecular mechanisms of curcumin in oxidative associated liver diseases.Дuring the past 30 years and even after the major progress in the liver disease management, millions of people still suffer from an acute or chronic liver condition worldwide.

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Taking together, curcumin itself acts as a free radical scavenger over the activity of different kinds of ROS via its phenolic, ОІ-diketone and methoxy group.

Those mechanisms include suppressing the proinflammatory cytokines, lipid perodixation products, PI3K/Akt and hepatic stellate cells activation, as well as ameliorating cellular responses to oxidative stress such as the expression of Nrf2, SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx and GR. For this purpose, electronic databases including вЂњScopus,вЂќ вЂњPubMed,вЂќ вЂњScience DirectвЂќ and вЂњCochrane libraryвЂќ were extensively searched with the keywords вЂњcurcumin or curcuminoidsвЂќ and вЂњhepatoprotective or hepatotoxicity or liverвЂќ along with вЂњoxidative or oxidant.вЂќ Results showed that curcumin exerts remarkable protective and therapeutic effects of oxidative associated liver diseases through various cellular and molecular mechanisms. The aim of the present study is to comprehensively review pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms, as well as clinical evidence, of curcumin as a lead compound in the prevention and treatment of oxidative associated liver diseases. Curcumin is one of the most commonly used indigenous molecules endowed by various shielding functionalities that protects the liver.

During the past 30 years and even after the major progress in the liver disease management, millions of people worldwide still suffer from an acute or chronic liver condition. Oxidative stress has been considered a key causing factor of liver damage induced by a variety of agents, including alcohol, drugs, viral infections, environmental pollutants and dietary components, which in turn results in progression of liver injury, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, non-alcoholic liver disease, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.